Diversity of Orchids of the Deciduous and Evergreen Seasonal Forests in Manabí, EcuadorMariana de J.Mites Cadena
Keywords:
threatened orchids; orchidaceae; biodiversity; brassia; peristeria.Abstract
This study evaluates orchid diversity in two forests of the Ecuadorian coast, the lowland evergreen seasonal forest El Cerro and the deciduous lowland forest at Bahía de Caráquez, both in Manabí Province. Five transects of 50 x 20 mwere established in each forest where all seen fertile orchids were handpicked. Dominance was estimated by Simpson index (λ), diversity by Shannon-Wiener (H’) index, expected species by Chao 2 index, and similarity by Jaccard coefficients (J). In forest El Cerro, 423 orchids were collected, representing 21 species and 17 genera. Dominance was low (0.14) and general H’ was 2.34. Chao 2 estimator predicted a total richness of 39 species. The J estimator showed that similarity among transects was low (less than 40%). Transects were characterized by unique species. In spite of the dry environment, 16 orchids were found in the forest at Bahia de Caráquez, belonging to 4 species and 4 genera. Dominance was 0.3 and H’ was 1.3. Chao 2 predicted a total richness of 5 species. Three species were recorded for the first time for the Manabi Province: Aspasia psittacina, E. rhizomaniacum andPeristeria elata; Eight orchid species had some degree of threat and require special management plans for their conservation.
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